1   实施情况

      （1）浮标布放及其性能

      2015年3月至2016年2月，中国共在太平洋和印度洋布放了16个浮标，这些浮标来自于中国3个机构的4位PI，其中5个铱卫星浮标来自于国家海洋局第二海洋研究所陈大可研究员、4个APEX型浮标来自于许建平研究员、6个HM2000型浮标来自于中科院海洋研究所袁东亮研究员，另外海军航保部去年也布放了1个PROVOR型浮标。相比2014年，由于相关研究项目支持经费的减少，今年布放浮标的数量明显降低了。截止2016年1月，中国共在太平洋和印度洋上布放了353个Argo浮标（包括183个准Argo浮标），目前在海上正常工作的浮标还有170个（图1）。

图1 停止工作的浮标布放位置（黑点）及正常工作的浮标最新位置（红点）

      2015年9月，中科院海洋研究所在太平洋西边界流海域布放了6个HM2000型浮标，这是中国首次以准Argo浮标的形式布放国产剖面浮标。该类型浮标采用北斗卫星进行数据传输，定位方式可采用北斗定位系统或GPS定位系统。其中1个浮标在布放后没有发送回任何数据，另外一个浮标由于CTD传感器故障传回了错误的盐度数据。浮标双向通讯功能通过测试后表现正常。截止2016年1月，还有2个HM2000型浮标在正常工作，停止工作的浮标平均完成了72条剖面。

      （2）对国际Argo计划的贡献

      2015年10月14-25日，应北太平洋科学组织（PICES）邀请，以及国际Argo计划办公室的委托，刘增宏副研究员以国际Argo代表和第24次PICES年会观察员的身份，出席了在青岛举办的该组织第24届年会，并在MONITOR、POC、IPCC AR5等3个分委会会议上，以“全球Argo实施进展"和“全球Argo与浮标技术发展"等议题做了特邀报告，还通过墙报的形式展示了国际Argo计划实施以来所取得的重要成果。

      2016年1月27日，《自然气候变化》在线发布了18个国家的27位科学家合著的综述性文章—“全球Argo海洋观测十五年"。中国相关媒体也对这一成果进行了集中报道，扩大了全球Argo计划在中国的影响，并引起了政府部门的高度重视。

      （3）遇到和解决的技术问题

      2015年，由于出现了显著的电导率传感器漂移，4个浮标（2个PROVOR型浮标，1个APEX型浮标，1个HM2000型浮标）被加入到了灰名单列表中，具体原因还在进一步分析中。

      （4）Argo数据管理现状

      AST-16会议以来，有214个浮标从海上发回数据，共有7057条温盐剖面和1000条溶解氧剖面上传至GDAC上。虽然CLS目前仍在帮助我们将Argo浮标的剖面资料上传GTS，但从2015年10月，在日本同行的帮助下，中国Argo实时资料中心已经通过中国国家气象局将Argo剖面资料上传至GTS，并打算在AST-17会议之后，停止通过CLS上传数据。对于CLS多年来的帮助深表感谢。

      中国Argo实时资料中心已将数据解码和实时质量控制等相关程序改变为Matlab语言。因使用了格式化表格，使得解码器的运行更加稳定了。我们已经将大部分的元文件和技术文件转换为了3.1版文件格式，但轨迹文件还未完成转换。另外，我们将生物Argo浮标提供的生物地球化学剖面和温盐剖面进行了分离。中国Argo实时资料中心已经建立了一套北斗浮标数据接收系统，可以接收并解码来自HM2000型浮标的观测资料。由于这些浮标的PI只同意每10天共享1条剖面，所有浮标的观测资料选择性的上传GDAC。

      （5）延时质量控制现状

      2015年，中国Argo实时资料中心由于人力有限，没有上传经延时质量控制的资料，目前正在恢复延时资料的上传工作，以及旧文件格式向3.1版文件格式的转换工作。需要指出的是，由于准Argo浮标的数量占了总浮标数量的一半左右，从而增加了延时质量控制工作的难度。

 2  国家对Argo的资助和未来前景

      中国Argo计划至今还没有纳入到国家的业务化工作中，布放浮标的数量严重依赖于相关的研究项目。中国Argo计划主要依赖于国家科学技术部的资助，在中国Argo实时资料中心，有5名科研人员承担Argo浮标的布放、数据处理以及应用研究等工作。

 3  浮标布放计划

      2016年计划布放15个Argo浮标，其中包括4个HM2000型浮标。但准Argo浮标的布放计划一直无法统计，主要取决于相关PI对Argo计划的关注程度。

 4  Argo资料的应用

      Argo资料已成为研究从海盆尺度到全球尺度海洋变化的重要数据来源，同样也是业务化海洋大气同化系统和再分析数据集的重要数据来源。中国Argo实时资料中心每年更新一次Argo网格化数据产品（简称为BOA_Argo），该产品与Levitus、Tao和其他机构（例如Scripps、IPRC和JAMSTEC）制作的网格化数据产品进行了对比，2015年在原来的基础上根据一种混合层模型增添了SST、SSS和混合层深度3个变量。中国科技人员已经开始在他们的研究中使用该产品。

      目前中国有两个机构分别运行着两个Argo网站，分别是位于天津国家海洋信息中心的中国Argo资料中心（www.argo.gov.cn）和位于杭州国家海洋局第二海洋研究所的中国Argo实时资料中心（www.argo.org.cn）。在两个网站上均可获得中国Argo计划的实施进展情况，剖面、轨迹等资料以及数据产品也可在网站上获取。另外，中国Argo实时资料中心还基于Hadoop技术开发了一套Argo数据查询系统，亦可通过其网站使用。

 5  Argo文献参考目录（2015年）

An, Y., R. Zhang, and H. Wang, 2015: Spatial-temporal scales of temperature and salinity variability in the Northwest Pacific, Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 16(1), 89-96 (in Chinese).

Cao, Z., and R. Hu, 2015: Research on the interannual variability of the great whirl and the related mechanisms, Journal of Ocean University of China, 14(1), 17-26.

Chen, G., and H. Chen, 2015: Interannual Modality of Upper-Ocean Temperature: 4D Structure Revealed by Argo Data, J. Clim., 28(9), 3441-3452.

Chen, G., and F. Yu, 2015: An objective algorithm for estimating maximum oceanic mixed layer depth using seasonality indices derived from Argo temperature/salinity profiles, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(1), 582-595.

Du, Y., and Y. Zhang, 2015: Satellite and Argo Observed Surface Salinity Variations in the Tropical Indian Ocean and Their Association with the Indian Ocean Dipole Mode, J. Clim., 28(2), 695-713.

Chen, Z., L. Wu, B. Qiu, L. Li, D. Hu, C. Liu, F. Jia, and X. Liang, 2015: Strengthening Kuroshio observed at its origin during November 2010 to October 2012, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(4), 2460-2470.

Cheng, L., J. Zhu, and R. L. Sriver, 2015: Global representation of tropical cyclone-induced short-term ocean thermal changes using Argo data, Ocean Sci., 11(5), 719-741.

Cheng, L., F. Zheng, and J. Zhu, 2015: Distinctive ocean interior changes during the recent warming slowdown, Scientific Reports, 5, 14346.

Cheng, L., J. Zhu, and R. L. Sriver, 2015: Global representation of tropical cyclone-induced short-term ocean thermal changes using Argo data, Ocean Sci., 11(5), 719-741.

Cheng, S., X. Zhang, and F. Shi, 2015: Comparison of Convergence Zone Features Under Three Different, Advances in Marine Science, 33(1), 56-62 (in Chinese).

Du, Y., Y. Zhang, M. Feng, T. Wang, N. Zhang, and S. Wijffels, 2015: Decadal trends of the upper ocean salinity in the tropical Indo-Pacific since mid-1990s, Scientific Reports, 5, 16050.

Feng, W., and M. Zhong, 2015: Global sea level variations from altimetry, GRACE and Argo data over 2005–2014, Geodesy and Geodynamics, 6(4), 274-279.

Feng, Y., X. Chen, Q. Wang, and Y. Yuan, 2015: Mesoscale characteristics of Antarctic Intermediate Water in the South Pacific, Acta Oceanol. Sin., 34(11), 92-101.

Gao, T., and W. Gao, 2015: Phenomenon of ocean front and it impact on the sound propagation, Marine Forecasts, 32(5), 80-88 (in Chinese).

Han, Y., and L. Zhou, 2015: Analysis of acoustic field in tropical l ndian Ocean upper based on Argo data, Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 16(2), 180-186 (in Chinese).

He, Z., M. Feng, D. Wang, and D. Slawinski, 2015: Contribution of the Karimata Strait transport to the Indonesian Throughflow as seen from a data assimilation model, Cont. Shelf Res., 92, 16-22.

Ji, F., T. Yu, M. Dong, and J. Liang, 2015: Method and Software for Eliminate Duplicate Data for WOD and Argo Datasets, Periodical of Ocean University of China, 45(8), 121-127 (in Chinese).

Li, Y., and F. Wang, 2015: Thermocline spiciness variations in the tropical Indian Ocean observed during 2003–2014, Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 97, 52-66.

Li, Y., W. Han, and T. Lee, 2015: Intraseasonal sea surface salinity variability in the equatorial Indo-Pacific Ocean induced by Madden-Julian oscillations, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(3), 2233-2258.

Li, Q. P., Y. Wang, Y. Dong, and J. Gan, 2015: Modeling long-term change of planktonic ecosystems in the northern South China Sea and the upstream Kuroshio Current, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(6), 3913-3936.

Li, J., Z. Jing, S. Jiang, D. Wang, and T. Yan, 2015: An observed cyclonic eddy associated with boundary current in the northwestern South China Sea, Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 18(4), 454-461.

Liu, X., and J. Wei, 2015: Understanding surface and subsurface temperature changes induced by tropical cyclones in the Kuroshio, Ocean Dyn., 65(7), 1017-1027.

Liu, Z., Y. Hou, and Q. Xie, 2015: Eddy formation and surface flow field in the Luzon Strait area during the summer of 2009, Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 33(5), 1320-1333.

Lu, Z., J. Zhu, J. Han, and H. Yuan, 2015: Error analysis of the reprocessed SMOS L3/4 sea surface salinity products, Marine Science Bulletin, 34(4), 428-439 (in Chinese).

Men, W., J. He, F. Wang, Y. Wen, Y. Li, J. Huang, and X. Yu, 2015: Radioactive status of seawater in the northwest Pacific more than one year after the Fukushima nuclear accident, Sci. Rep., 5.

Nan, F., F. Yu, H. Xue, R. Wang, and G. Si, 2015: Ocean salinity changes in the northwest Pacific subtropical gyre: The quasi-decadal oscillation and the freshening trend, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(3), 2179-2192.

Pei, Y. H., R. H. Zhang, and D. K. Chen, 2015: Upper ocean response to tropical cyclone wind forcing: A case study of typhoon Rammasun (2008), Sci. China Earth Sci., 1-10.

Ruan, H., Y. Yang, F. Niu, and H. Wen, 2015: Analysis the characteristics of convergence zone in the east of Luzon Strait based on Argo data, Haiyang Xuebao, 37(7), 78-84 (in Chinese).

Su, H., X. Wu, X.-H. Yan, and A. Kidwell, 2015: Estimation of subsurface temperature anomaly in the Indian Ocean during recent global surface warming hiatus from satellite measurements: A support vector machine approach, Remote Sens. Environ., 160, 63-71.

Sun, J., and L.-Y. Oey, 2015: The Influence of the Ocean on Typhoon Nuri (2008), Mon. Weather Rev., 143(11), 4493-4513.

Sun, J., L.-Y. Oey, R. Chang, F. Xu, and S.-M. Huang, 2015: Ocean response to typhoon Nuri (2008) in western Pacific and South China Sea, Ocean Dyn., 65(5), 735-749.

Sun, C., X. Wang, X. Cui, X. Zhang, L. Zhang, C. Shao, X. Wu, H. Fu, and W. Li, 2015: Satellite derived upper ocean thermal structure and its application to tropical cyclone intensity forecasting in the Indian Ocean, Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 33(5), 1219-1232.

Tong, X., Z. Wang, and Q. Li, 2015: A method for correcting regional bias in SMOS global salinity products, Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 33(4), 1072-1084.

Wang, X., and H. Liu, 2015: Seasonal-to-interannual variability of the barrier layer in the western Pacific warm pool associated with ENSO, Climate Dynamics, 1-18.

Wang, A., Y. Du, W. Zhuang, and Y. Qi, 2015: Correlation between subsurface high-salinity water in the northern South China Sea and the North Equatorial Current–Kuroshio circulation system from HYCOM simulations, Ocean Sci., 11(2), 305-312.

Wang, R., F. Yu, and F. Nan, 2015: Weakening of subduction in the Subtropical Mode Water formation region observed during 2003–2013, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(11), 7271-7281.

Wang, F., N. Zang, Y. Li, and D. Hu, 2015: On the subsurface countercurrents in the Philippine Sea, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(1), 131-144.

Wang, G., R. Zhang, and H. Wang, 2015: Experiments of sea temperature data assimilation based on various space filtering schemes, Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 16(2), 173-179.

Wang, H., et al., 2015: A review of seasonal climate prediction research in China, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 32(2), 149-168.

Wang, J., J. Zhang, and J. Wang, 2015: Quality assessment of spaceborne microwave radiometer Aquarius data product based on Argo buoy data, Haiyang Xuebao, 37(3), 46-53 (in Chinese).

Wang, T., Y. Du, W. Zhuang, and J. Wang, 2015: Connection of sea level variability between the tropical western Pacific and the southern Indian Ocean during recent two decades, Sci. China Earth Sci., 58(8), 1387-1396.

Wu, G., F. Zhai, and D. Hu, 2015: Interannual variations of North Equatorial Current transport in the Pacific Ocean during two types of El Niño, Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 1-12.

Wu, L., and Z. Ling, 2015: Analysis of sea surface salinity response to typhoon in the Northwestern Pacific based on Argo data, Journal of Marine Sciences, 33(3), 1-6 (in Chinese).

Wu, X., Z. Liu, G. Liao, and L. Wu, 2015: Variation of Indo-Pacific upper ocean heat content during 2001–2012 revealed by Argo, Acta Oceanol. Sin., 34(5), 29-38.

Xia, R., Q. Liu, L. Xu, and Y. Lu, 2015: North Pacific Eastern Subtropical Mode Water simulation and future projection, Acta Oceanol. Sin., 34(3), 25-30.

Xu, F.-H., and L.-Y. Oey, 2015: Seasonal SSH Variability of the Northern South China Sea, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 45(6), 1595-1609.

Xuan, L., Y. Qiu, J. Xu., X. Zhang, and C. Shao, 2015: Seasonal variations of upper layer watermasses in eastern tropical Indian Ocean explored by Argo floats, Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 16(2), 188-194 (in Chinese).

Yan, X., and C. Sun, 2015: An altimetric transport index for Kuroshio inflow northeast of Taiwan Island, Sci. China Earth Sci., 1-10.

Yan, C., J. Zhu, and J. Xie, 2015: An ocean data assimilation system in the Indian Ocean and west Pacific Ocean, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 32(11), 1460-1472.

Yan, C., J. Zhu, and J. Xie, 2015: An ocean data assimilation system in the Indian Ocean and west Pacific Ocean, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 32(11), 1460-1472.

Yan, Y., G. Wang, C. Wang, and J. Su, 2015: Low-salinity water off West Luzon Island in summer, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(4), 3011-3021.

Yang, L., H. Zhou, and D. Yuan, 2015: Seasonal variability of meridional heat transport in interior Pacific Ocean, Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 16(5), 484-491 (in Chinese).

Yang, S., J. Ma, X. Wu, X. Wang, X. Fan, and W. Fan, 2015: Spatial analysis of the horizontal and vertical distribution of yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, Acta Ecologica Sinica, 35(15), 5040-5049 (in Chinese).

Yang, S., B. Zhang, S. Jin, and W. Fan, 2015: Relationship between the temporal spatial distribution of longline fishing grounds of yellowfin tuna（Thunnusalbadares）and the thermocline, Haiyang Xuebao, 37(6), 78-87 (in Chinese).

Yang, T., and Y. Xu, 2015: Estimation of the time series of the meridional heat transport across 15°N in the Pacific Ocean from Argo and satellite data, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(4), 3043-3060.

Yang, T., Z. Chen, and Y. He, 2015: A new method to retrieve salinity profiles from sea surface salinity observed by SMOS satellite, Acta Oceanol. Sin., 34(9), 85-93.

Yang, G., W. Yu, Y. Yuan, X. Zhao, F. Wang, G. Chen, L. Liu, and Y. Duan, 2015: Characteristics, vertical structures, and heat/salt transports of mesoscale eddies in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(10), 6733-6750.

Yi, S., W. Sun, K. Heki, and A. Qian, 2015: An increase in the rate of global mean sea level rise since 2010, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(10), 3998-4006.

Yu, K., T. Qu, C. Dong, and Y. Yan, 2015: Effect of subtropical mode water on the decadal variability of the subsurface transport through the Luzon Strait in the western Pacific Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(10), 6829-6842.

Zhang, C., and J. Xu, 2015: T/S distribution and variation in the Pacific based on Argo observations Part II: Salinity, Marine Science Bulletin, 34(1), 21-31 (in Chinese).

Zhang, C., J. Xu, and X. Bao, 2015: Gradient-dependent correlation scale method based on Argo, Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 16(5), 476-483 (in Chinese).

Zhang, L., and T. Qu, 2015: Low-Frequency Variability of the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre as Seen from Satellite Altimetry and Argo, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 45(12), 3083-3098.

Zhang, W.-Z., H. Xue, F. Chai, and Q. Ni, 2015: Dynamical processes within an anticyclonic eddy revealed from Argo floats, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(7), 2342-2350.

Zhang, R.-H., C. Gao, X. Kang, H. Zhi, Z. Wang, and L. Feng, 2015: ENSO Modulations due to Interannual Variability of Freshwater Forcing and Ocean Biology-induced Heating in the Tropical Pacific, Scientific Reports, 5, 18506.

Zhang, Z., P. Li, L. Xu, C. Li, W. Zhao, J. Tian, and T. Qu, 2015: Subthermocline eddies observed by rapid-sampling Argo floats in the subtropical northwestern Pacific Ocean in Spring 2014, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42(15), 6438-6445.

Zhang, X., X. Wang, Y. Cao, L. Zhang, C. Shao, C. Sun, X. Wu, H. Fu, and L. Xuan, 2015: Climate modulation on sea surface height in China seas, Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 33(5), 1245-1255.

Zhang, X., C. Chen, and R. Qiu, 2015: Abnormal features of the convergence zone caused by the cold eddy in Western Pacific, Marine Science Bulletin, 34(2), 130-137 (in Chinese).

Zhang, Z., D. Yuan, and B. Li, 2015: Analysis of circulation structure in the Northwest Pacific Ocean based on Argo profiles, Marine Sciences, 39(7), 93-102 (in Chinese).

Zheng, F., and R.-H. Zhang, 2015: Interannually varying salinity effects on ENSO in the tropical pacific: a diagnostic analysis from Argo, Ocean Dyn., 65(5), 691-705.

Zheng, F., H. Wang, and L. Wan, 2015: Effects of interannual salinity variability on the dynamic height in the western equatorial Pacific as diagnosed by Argo, Acta Oceanol. Sin., 34(5), 22-28.

Zhi, H., R.-H. Zhang, P. Lin, and L. Wang, 2015: Simulation of salinity variability and the related freshwater flux forcing in the tropical Pacific: An evaluation using the Beijing normal university earth system model (BNU-ESM), Adv. Atmos. Sci., 32(11), 1551-1564.

Zhi, H., R.-H. Zhang, P. Lin, and L. Wang, 2015: Quantitative analysis of the feedback induced by the freshwater flux in the tropical Pacific using CMIP5, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 32(10), 1341-1353.

Zhu, X.-H., R. Zhao, X. Guo, Y. Long, Y.-L. Ma, and X. Fan, 2015: A long-term volume transport time series estimated by combining in situ observation and satellite altimeter data in the northern South China Sea, J. Oceanogr., 1-11.